In vitro spf determination of embilica officinalis and nelumbu nucifera seed oils

Medicinal plants are natural gift to human lives to promote disease free healthy life. The phytochemicals present in leaf, fruits and vegetables could reduce various risks of diseases owing to prevent the oxidative damage produced by free radicals. The plant seed also contain many active molecules responsible for various medicinal properties. N.nucifera, E,officinalis, M. oleifera, T.chebula, T.bellerica and flax seed oils are tested for SPF determination by in vitro method. The seed oils had shown very good SPF values. E.officinalis seed showed 25.77 as Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value and N.nucifera seed Cotyledon had 21.45 SPF values which was quite high when comparing other seed oils. This study supports the usage of seed oil as a UVB sun screen protector, an alternative source of nutrition and as well as renewable resources.

Parámetros cuantitativos de los glóbulos grasos lácteos por microscopía convencional: potencial tratamiento de leche cruda bovina con rayos Ultravioleta en los puntos de producción primaria de la cadena láctea del Cesar / Quantitative parameters of milky fatty globules by conventional microscopy: potential treatment of bovine raw milk with UV rays at the point of primary production in the dairy chain of Cesar

The high bacterial / ml registration of raw milk, over 400 thousand in the Cesar forced to seek technological alternatives for reducing it at the origen. International institutes have made significant progress in conservation of maternal milk with UV rays without altering its nutritional properties. Additionally, the amount and diameters of MFG could be optically quantified in cow's raw milk and breast milk by obtaining and digital image processing, finding an average of 5.1 microns in average size of milk fat globules. This is a first determinant to potentiate the use of ultraviolet rays on the site of origin of bovine milk to lower microbial load of pathogen.

El alto registro bacteriano / ml de leche cruda, más de 400 mil en el Cesar obliga a buscar alternativas tecnológicas para su reducción en origen, institutos internacionales han logrado avances significativos en conservación de leches maternas con rayos UV sin alterar sus propiedades nutritivas. Se pudo cuantificar ópticamente la cantidad y diámetros de los GGL en leche cruda de vaca y leche materna mediante la obtención y procesamiento digital de imágenes, encontrándose un promedio de 5,1 micrómetros en el tamaño promedio de los glóbulos grasos lácteos. Este es un primer parámetro determinante para potencializar el uso de los rayos ultravioleta en el sitio de origen de leche bovina para bajar carga microbiana de patógenos.

Ação da radiação ultravioleta na redução da microbiota do caldo de cana para produção de cachaça / Effect of ultraviolet radiation on microbial reduction of sugarcane juice for the production of cachaça

O processo fermentativo para produção de cachaça é influenciado pela qualidade da matéria-prima. Uma matéria-prima que contenha alta carga microbiana resultará em uma fermentação ineficiente, cujo resultado é refletido na qualidade final da cachaça. Objetivou-se nesta investigação avaliar a ação da radiação ultravioleta como desinfetante alternativo na desinfecção do caldo de cana para produção de cachaça. Confeccionou-se uma câmara de tratamento do caldo de cana com uma parte inferior e cinco tampos para instalação das lâmpadas germicidas por radiação ultravioleta. A câmara foi instalada na saída da moenda. A eficiência do tratamento foi avaliada através de análises microbiológicas do caldo de cana em cinco tempos de tratamento. O delineamento estatístico do experimento foi o inteiramente casualizado. As análises microbiológicas apresentaram um P valor de 64,63%. As análises de acidez, porcentagem de álcool e pH do vinho irradiado e não irradiado apresentaram um P valor maior que 0,05% As cachaças produzidas com caldo de cana irradiado e não irradiado apresentaram valores que estão de acordo com a legislação vigente. Concluiu-se que as características físico-químicas do caldo de cana foram influenciadas pela radiação U.V. sobre os micro-organismos presentes no mesmo, eliminando uma pequena parte destes, estatisticamente não significativas.

The fermentation process for the production of cachaça (the most popular alcoholic distilled beverage) in Brazil is influenced by the quality of the raw material. Thus any raw material containing a high microbial load results in an ineffective fermentation, which is reflected on the final quality of the cachaça. This study evaluated the action of ultraviolet radiation as an alternative disinfectant for cachaça-producing sugarcane juice. The experiment was carried out at the TUCANINHA cachaça-producing unit in the city of São João Batista do Glória, MG. A 10.0m × 43cm × 13cm aluminum plate treatment chamber was made with five 2.0 × 43cm × 14cm heads for germicidal UV lamps. The chamber was installed at the outlet of the mill for the passage of the UV-treated sugarcane juice in a continuous flow system. The effectiveness of the treatment was assayed by microbiological analyses of the cane juice at five treatment times. The statistical design was completely randomized, with five treatments and three replications, with a P value of 64.63%. Two types of fermented wines were analyzed: those from UV radiation-treated broth and the ones from untreated broth, consideration two treatments and 10 repetitions. The tests for acidity, alcohol percentage, and pH showed a P value higher than 0.05%. The cachaças produced with irradiated and non-irradiated sugarcane juice showed values in accordance with the current legislation. It was concluded that the physical and chemical characteristics of the sugarcane juice was influenced for the action of the U.V. radiation on the cane juice microorganisms. Only a small amount of microorganisms were eliminated, what demonstrates that ultraviolet radiation is not effective to eliminate the microbiota of sugarcane juice.

Prevalência de lesões cutâneas actínicas em pacientes com carcinoma basocelular do segmento cefálico: um estudo caso-controle / Prevalence of actinic skin lesions in patients with basal cell carcinoma of the head: a case-control study

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de lesões cutâneas actínicas em portadores de carcinoma basocelular do segmento cefálico. MÉTODOS: Foi conduzido estudo tipo caso-controle. Os casos, constituídos por pacientes com carcinoma basocelular sólido, primário, menor que dois centímetros, no segmento cefálico; e controles, por pacientes com outras dermatoses. Foram analisadas variáveis constitucionais, comportamentais e lesões actínicas. RESULTADOS: Avaliaram-se 120 casos e 360 controles. Mílio facial (OR = 2,3), leucodermia puntacta de membros superiores (OR = 2,9) e cutis romboidalis nuchae (OR = 1,8) associaram-se à neoplasia independentemente das demais variáveis, sugerindo um fenótipo de risco. Houve ainda associação com fenótipos claros, genética familiar e exposição solar cumulativa. Queimadura solar, tabagismo e alcoolismo não foram identificados como fatores de risco. O uso de fotoprotetores não evidenciou proteção; porém, o grupo controle era composto por pacientes dermatológicos, aos quais são indicados fotoprotetores regularmente. CONCLUSÃO: Lesões actínicas foram mais prevalentes em portadores de carcinoma basocelular sólido do segmento cefálico que em controles, especialmente mílio, cutis romboidalis nuchae e leucodermia puntacta, independentemente dos demais fatores de risco conhecidos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of actinic skin lesions in patients with basal cell carcinoma of the head. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out. Cases were patients with primary, solid basal cell carcinoma of the head, less than two centimeters in diameter; and as controls, patients with other dermatoses. Constitutional and behavioral variables were analyzed, as well as actinic lesions. RESULTS: One hundred twenty cases and 360 controls were evaluated. Facial milia (OR = 2.3), leukoderma punctata of the upper limbs (OR = 2.9), and cutis rhomboidalis nuchae (OR = 1.8) were associated with neoplasms regardless of other variables, suggesting a risk phenotype. There was also association with light hair and eye color phenotypes, family genetics, and cumulative sun exposure. Sunburn, smoking, and alcoholism were not identified as risk factors. The use of sunscreens showed no evidence of protection; however, the control group consisted of dermatology patients who are often prescribed sunscreens. CONCLUSION: Actinic lesions were more prevalent in patients with solid basal cell carcinoma of the head than in controls, especially milia, cutis rhomboidalis nuchae, and leukoderma punctata, regardless of other known risk factors.